The item in question refers to a United States coin minted in 1889, composed primarily of silver and possessing a face value of one dollar. It is a tangible piece of American history representing a specific era of coinage and economic policy. As an example, an individual might own one that has been passed down through their family for generations.
The coin’s significance lies in its intrinsic metal value, its historical importance as a circulating currency during the late 19th century, and its potential collectable value. The desirability stems from its age, condition, rarity (depending on the mint mark and any variations), and the story it tells about the economic and social landscape of the period. The coin represents a tangible link to the past, offering insights into trade, commerce, and artistic design of the time.
Further discussion will focus on the characteristics, valuation factors, and historical context of this particular type of American currency, providing a more in-depth understanding of its place in numismatics and American history.
1. Silver Composition
The silver composition of the 1889 United States silver dollar, commonly known as the Morgan dollar, is a fundamental characteristic defining its intrinsic value and historical significance. The Coinage Act of 1873, which authorized its production, stipulated a silver content of 90%, with the remaining 10% comprised of copper. This specific alloy was chosen to provide durability during circulation while maintaining a substantial precious metal component. The weight of the coin was set at 412.5 grains (26.73 grams), ensuring a consistent amount of silver in each dollar. This silver standard played a critical role in the economic debates and policies of the late 19th century, as the value of silver relative to gold was a contentious issue.
The 90% silver standard directly impacted the purchasing power and perceived worth. The amount of silver directly affected its use in international trade. The physical properties of the silver alloy affected the coins wear resistance during circulation. For instance, poorly alloyed coins would exhibit faster degradation, impacting their acceptance and long-term survival. The set standard further ensured uniformity, aiding in commerce and reducing counterfeiting risks. The composition, thus, represents more than just a material specification; it embodies economic policies and the practical requirements of a circulating currency.
In summary, the silver composition is not merely a technical detail but a crucial element that influenced its value, durability, and the economic landscape of the era. Understanding this composition allows for a better appreciation of the coins historical context and its place within the broader narrative of United States monetary history.
2. Morgan Design
The “us silver dollar 1889” is inextricably linked to the Morgan design, which is the defining visual characteristic of this coin. Designed by George T. Morgan, the design was adopted following the Coinage Act of 1873, which sought to standardize and revitalize American coinage. The obverse features a profile of Liberty, depicted as a young woman adorned with a Phrygian cap and a crown of wheat and cotton, symbolizing the nation’s agricultural prosperity. The reverse showcases an eagle with outstretched wings, clutching arrows and an olive branch, representing both military strength and a desire for peace. This design became synonymous with the silver dollar denomination for nearly three decades, impacting public perception and acceptance of the coin as a reliable medium of exchange.
The Morgan design was a direct response to the Bland-Allison Act of 1878, which mandated the government purchase large quantities of silver and coin it into silver dollars. The design effectively branded the silver dollar, making it readily identifiable. An example of its impact is seen in its role in international trade; the recognizable imagery facilitated acceptance in foreign markets. Additionally, its detailed artistry, reflecting the Beaux-Arts movement, contributed to its perceived value and desirability, especially among collectors today. The widespread circulation exposed countless individuals to the visual representation of American ideals and economic policy embodied in the design.
In conclusion, the Morgan design is not merely decorative but a fundamental element that shaped the identity, economic function, and cultural significance. The enduring appeal of the coin is partly attributed to the artistry and symbolism embedded within its design, reinforcing its place as a prominent artifact of American history.
3. Mint Marks
Mint marks are an essential feature of the “us silver dollar 1889,” providing critical information about the coin’s origin and influencing its value and desirability among collectors. These small letters, stamped onto the coin during the minting process, indicate the specific United States Mint facility where it was produced.
-
Location and Significance
On an 1889 silver dollar, the mint mark is located on the reverse of the coin, below the wreath. The presence or absence of a mint mark, as well as the specific letter used, carries significant weight in determining the coin’s rarity and, consequently, its numismatic value. The absence of a mint mark typically indicates production at the Philadelphia Mint.
-
Specific Mint Marks
The three mint marks potentially found on an 1889 silver dollar are “O” for the New Orleans Mint, “S” for the San Francisco Mint, and “CC” for the Carson City Mint. Each mint had varying production numbers, with the Carson City Mint generally producing the fewest coins, making “CC” marked coins more valuable. For example, an 1889-CC commands a premium due to its lower mintage and historical significance associated with the Carson City Mint.
-
Impact on Value
The value is significantly affected by the mint mark. Coins from the Philadelphia Mint, without a mint mark, are generally more common and less valuable than those from Carson City. The mintage figures, which are directly tied to the mint of origin, play a critical role in establishing a coins rarity and market price. A well-preserved 1889-CC could be worth considerably more than an equally graded 1889 with no mint mark.
-
Historical Context
The mint mark provides insights into the economic and political conditions. The output from various mints reflected regional economic activity and the availability of silver bullion. The Carson City Mint, for instance, was established to process silver from the Comstock Lode, and its coins are a tangible link to the silver mining boom of the late 19th century. Knowing the mint of origin enriches the understanding and appreciation of the coin.
The presence and type of mint mark are pivotal details that influence the value, scarcity, and historical narrative. Appreciating the significance enables collectors and historians to better assess and understand the “us silver dollar 1889,” enhancing its status beyond a simple piece of currency to an artifact of American economic history.
4. Date Significance
The year 1889 holds specific historical and economic relevance to the United States silver dollar minted during that period. Understanding this chronological context is essential to appreciating its role in American monetary history and its subsequent value as a collectible.
-
Bland-Allison Act Impact
The Bland-Allison Act of 1878 mandated the U.S. government to purchase a specific amount of silver each month and coin it into silver dollars. 1889 falls within this period, meaning the production was directly influenced by this legislation. For example, the political debates surrounding silver coinage and its impact on the gold standard are reflected in the volume and distribution of silver dollars produced that year. The Act’s impact is felt in the coin’s material composition and its role in economic discussions of the time.
-
Minting Volume Correlation
Minting volumes in 1889 varied across different mints. The output from each mint was affected by the availability of silver bullion and local economic conditions. For example, lower mintage figures from the Carson City Mint in 1889 contribute to the higher value of coins bearing the “CC” mint mark from that year. These production variations directly impact the rarity and, subsequently, the market value of the coin.
-
Economic Climate Reflection
The economic climate in 1889 significantly influenced the role of the silver dollar. Economic debates surrounding bimetallism and the gold standard shaped its perceived value and use. As an illustration, concerns about inflation and deflation affected the coin’s acceptance in commercial transactions. Consequently, the coins reflect the economic tensions and policies of the era.
-
Historical Event Association
While no single major historical event occurred directly in 1889 tied specifically to silver dollars, the broader historical context shapes its meaning. The late 19th century was a period of significant industrial expansion and westward expansion. An example is its use in settling commercial transactions during this time. The existence of silver dollars is embedded in the era’s social and economic fabric.
In summary, the year 1889 is not merely a date stamped on a coin. It represents a confluence of legislative mandates, economic conditions, and historical factors that shaped its production, distribution, and overall significance. It allows a more profound recognition of its historical significance.
5. Numismatic Value
The term “numismatic value” denotes the worth of a coin or currency to collectors, which can often exceed its face value or intrinsic metal content. Understanding the numismatic value is crucial when discussing the worth of a U.S. silver dollar minted in 1889, as numerous factors beyond the silver content contribute to its market price among collectors and historians.
-
Condition Grading
Professional grading services assign a numerical grade based on the coins physical condition, ranging from Poor (PO-01) to Mint State (MS-70). Higher grades signify minimal wear and greater visual appeal, directly increasing the numismatic value. An 1889 silver dollar graded MS-65 will command a significantly higher price than one graded VF-20 (Very Fine), despite both containing the same amount of silver. This variance emphasizes the impact of condition on desirability.
-
Rarity and Mintage Figures
The number of coins originally minted at each facility significantly influences its numismatic value. Lower mintage figures generally result in greater scarcity, driving up prices among collectors. For example, an 1889-CC (Carson City Mint) silver dollar is considerably rarer and more valuable than an 1889-P (Philadelphia Mint) due to the Carson City Mint’s lower production numbers that year. The interplay between mintage and survival rates further affects rarity.
-
Mint Mark Significance
The presence and type of mint mark play a critical role in determining numismatic value. Coins from the Carson City Mint, indicated by “CC”, are particularly sought after due to their connection to the Comstock Lode silver rush and lower mintages. This scarcity enhances demand, making the 1889-CC a prime example of how a mint mark elevates a coins numismatic value beyond its intrinsic worth. The historical context associated with each mint mark adds another layer of value.
-
Historical Significance
Historical context enriches its numismatic appeal. Coins from certain periods or associated with specific events often attract greater interest from collectors. The 1889 silver dollar, minted during the Bland-Allison Act era, represents a key period in U.S. monetary policy, enhancing its desirability among those interested in financial history. The historical narrative contributes to its allure and collectible value.
In conclusion, the numismatic value is determined by a confluence of factors including condition, rarity, mint mark, and historical significance. These elements combine to create a market price that can significantly surpass its melt value or face value, highlighting the role of collector demand and historical importance in shaping the worth of an 1889 United States silver dollar.
6. Coin Condition
The physical condition of a United States silver dollar minted in 1889 is a primary determinant of its value and desirability among numismatists. The degree of wear, surface preservation, and overall visual appeal significantly influence its market price. Assessing the coin’s state involves a standardized grading system that directly correlates to its rarity and collectibility.
-
Grading Scales and Standards
Professional grading services, utilize standardized scales such as the Sheldon scale, ranging from Poor (PO-01) to Mint State (MS-70). Each grade represents a specific level of wear, luster, and surface imperfection. For instance, a coin graded as “Good” (G-04) exhibits significant wear with major design elements visible but worn, whereas a “Mint State” coin shows no signs of circulation. The assigned grade directly impacts its market price. The presence of scratches, abrasions, or environmental damage can further affect the grade and value.
-
Wear and Tear Assessment
Evaluating wear and tear involves a detailed examination of design elements, such as Liberty’s hair and the eagle’s feathers, to determine the extent of metal loss and surface abrasion. High-points of the design are typically the first areas to show wear. A coin exhibiting clear details, sharp strikes, and minimal wear on these key features will receive a higher grade than one with flattened details and extensive abrasions. For instance, a coin with visible but worn details may grade as “Fine” (F-12), whereas a coin with sharp, well-defined features may grade as “Extremely Fine” (EF-40). The level of detail present directly correlates to its value.
-
Surface Preservation and Luster
Surface preservation refers to the integrity of the coins original surface, including the presence of luster (the way light reflects off the metal). Original mint luster is highly prized by collectors. Coins with intact luster command higher prices. Environmental factors such as improper storage can cause toning (coloration), corrosion, or spotting, which can detract from the coins visual appeal and lower its grade. A coin with vibrant, original luster may achieve a higher grade than one with dull, impaired surfaces, even if both exhibit similar levels of wear.
-
Impact on Value and Collectibility
The assigned grade directly impacts its collectibility and monetary worth. Coins in higher grades are scarcer and more desirable, commanding significant premiums over lower-grade examples. For example, an 1889-CC silver dollar in Mint State condition can be worth tens of thousands of dollars, while the same coin in Good condition may only be worth a few hundred dollars. This price differential underscores the importance of condition as a primary factor influencing the value and desirability.
In summary, the condition is a critical factor in determining the worth and desirability. Accurate assessment through established grading standards allows collectors and investors to make informed decisions, contributing to the vibrant market for these historical artifacts.
7. Rarity Factors
Rarity factors significantly influence the value and collectibility of the 1889 United States silver dollar. The intersection of mintage figures, mint marks, condition, and survival rates determines the scarcity, which, in turn, dictates its desirability among numismatists. For instance, the 1889-CC Morgan dollar, minted at the Carson City Mint, is far scarcer than those produced in Philadelphia due to lower production volume, making it a more sought-after and valuable piece. This demonstrates the direct impact of mintage numbers and mint location on determining rarity.
The coins current condition as it has survived also plays a crucial role. Uncirculated examples with original mint luster are considerably rarer than those showing signs of wear, damage, or cleaning. This is particularly true for coins that saw extensive circulation during their time. The combination of low original mintage with a high degree of preservation creates a compounded rarity. An example is the high price fetched by an 1889-S in MS-65 condition compared to a circulated specimen of the same date and mint mark.
Ultimately, an understanding of rarity factors is vital for accurately assessing the value and historical significance. Knowledge helps guide collectors in making informed investment decisions. Collectors must learn to distinguish between common and rare varieties. Collectors should consider its condition and other factors when assessing a coins value. Successfully identifying and appreciating rarity factors allows individuals to recognize the true value and history embedded within these tangible artifacts of American monetary history.
8. Historical Context
The historical context surrounding the United States silver dollar minted in 1889 is paramount to understanding its significance and value. These factors encompass the economic policies, legislative acts, and social conditions prevalent at the time, all of which contributed to the coins production, circulation, and eventual collectibility. Understanding the historical setting allows for an appreciation of its place in American monetary history.
-
The Bland-Allison Act
The Bland-Allison Act of 1878 mandated the U.S. Treasury to purchase a specific amount of silver each month and coin it into silver dollars. The 1889 minting falls squarely within the period governed by this Act, meaning the production was driven by the legislation rather than solely by market demand. For example, the political debates surrounding the Act, involving farmers, miners, and politicians, reflect the broader economic tensions of the era. The Act created an artificial demand for silver, affecting its price and the overall monetary system.
-
Economic Conditions of the Late 19th Century
The late 19th century was a period of rapid industrialization, westward expansion, and significant economic change. The debate over bimetallism (the use of both silver and gold as monetary standards) was a central issue. For instance, farmers and debtors often favored silver coinage, believing it would increase the money supply and ease their financial burdens. Conversely, many industrialists and creditors supported the gold standard, fearing inflation. The silver dollar, as a product of this era, embodies these conflicting economic ideologies.
-
The Silver Mining Industry
The discovery of large silver deposits in the American West, such as the Comstock Lode, fueled the demand for silver coinage. The 1889 silver dollar, particularly those minted at the Carson City Mint, is directly linked to the silver mining industry. For example, the Carson City Mint was established to process silver from the Comstock Lode, and its coins serve as a tangible connection to the silver mining boom. The prosperity and decline of the silver mining industry directly affected the production and value of silver dollars.
-
International Trade and Monetary Policy
The value of the silver dollar was also influenced by international trade and monetary policies. Many countries were on the gold standard, which created challenges for the United States with its silver-backed currency. The fluctuations in the value of silver relative to gold affected trade balances and economic stability. An example is the impact on international trade when the silver content caused it to be valued lower internationally.
These facets underscore the interconnectedness between historical events and the physical coin. By understanding these historical elements, one gains a deeper appreciation for the 1889 United States silver dollar as a tangible artifact. The economic policies that influenced its creation, and its role in the broader economic landscape of the late 19th century, are thus highlighted. It is the appreciation of this historical narrative that elevates its status beyond a simple piece of currency.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common inquiries regarding the 1889 United States Silver Dollar, providing factual information to enhance understanding of this coin’s characteristics and value.
Question 1: What factors determine the value of an 1889 silver dollar?
The value is influenced by condition, mint mark (or lack thereof), rarity based on mintage figures, and overall demand among collectors. Coins with higher grades and from mints with lower production numbers typically command higher prices.
Question 2: How can the authenticity of an 1889 silver dollar be verified?
Authenticity can be verified by comparing the coin’s weight and dimensions to standard specifications, examining its design details for sharpness and accuracy, and checking for any signs of casting seams or other irregularities indicative of counterfeiting. Consultation with a reputable numismatist or professional grading service is also recommended.
Question 3: What is the silver content of an 1889 silver dollar?
It contains 90% silver and 10% copper. Its total weight is approximately 26.73 grams, with the silver content amounting to roughly 24.057 grams of pure silver.
Question 4: Where were 1889 silver dollars minted?
1889 silver dollars were minted at the Philadelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco, and Carson City Mints. Coins from Philadelphia do not have a mint mark; New Orleans coins are marked with an “O”; San Francisco coins with an “S”; and Carson City coins with a “CC”.
Question 5: What is the significance of the “CC” mint mark on an 1889 silver dollar?
The “CC” mint mark indicates the coin was minted at the Carson City Mint in Nevada. Due to its generally lower mintage figures, the “CC” coins are highly prized by collectors, typically commanding higher prices than those from other mints.
Question 6: How should an 1889 silver dollar be stored to preserve its condition?
To preserve its condition, it should be stored in a dry, stable environment, away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. Use inert, archival-quality coin holders or albums to protect the surface from scratches and environmental damage. Avoid cleaning the coin, as this can diminish its numismatic value.
The key takeaways from this FAQ section are that condition, mint mark, and historical context are vital in valuing it. Proper storage and authentication methods further ensure their worth.
Further information is available. Consult with experts.
Tips for Handling and Evaluating 1889 Silver Dollars
The following guidance assists collectors and enthusiasts in the proper handling, evaluation, and preservation of these coins. Adherence to these principles can mitigate damage and inform value assessment.
Tip 1: Handle with Care
Minimize direct contact with the coin’s surface. Natural oils from skin can leave residue and contribute to discoloration. Wear cotton gloves when handling to prevent such contamination. This practice preserves its surface and maintains its long-term value.
Tip 2: Avoid Cleaning
Do not attempt to clean it. Cleaning can remove original mint luster, introduce microscopic scratches, and significantly diminish the numismatic value. Even gentle cleaning methods can cause irreversible damage. A coin with original, undisturbed surfaces is typically more valuable than a cleaned coin.
Tip 3: Store Appropriately
Store it in archival-quality holders or albums designed specifically for coins. These holders protect against environmental factors such as humidity, air pollution, and physical abrasion. PVC-free materials are essential to prevent chemical reactions with the coin’s metal.
Tip 4: Inspect Mint Marks Carefully
Examine the mint mark, located on the reverse below the wreath, with a magnifying glass. The presence, absence, or type of mint mark (“O,” “S,” “CC,” or none) drastically affects value. Ensure the mint mark is genuine and consistent with known characteristics of the issuing mint. This diligence helps determine authenticity and potential rarity.
Tip 5: Assess Condition Accurately
Evaluate the coin’s condition using established grading standards. Key areas to examine include the details of Liberty’s hair on the obverse and the eagle’s feathers on the reverse. Wear, scratches, and surface imperfections influence the assigned grade, which directly impacts the coin’s worth. A proper assessment provides insight into its current state and influences its desirability to collectors.
Tip 6: Research Mintage Figures
Consult reputable sources to determine the original mintage figures for each mint. Lower mintages often correlate with greater rarity and higher values. Knowledge of mintage numbers assists in accurately assessing the coin’s scarcity and potential worth.
Implementing these tips promotes both the preservation and valuation accuracy. Careful handling prevents damage; accurate assessment aids in determining market worth.
Application of this information will facilitate a deeper understanding of these historical artifacts. Please proceed to the concluding remarks for a comprehensive summary.
us silver dollar 1889
This exploration has highlighted the multifaceted nature of the “us silver dollar 1889.” Its value extends beyond its silver content, encompassing historical context, design elements, mint marks, condition, and rarity. The Bland-Allison Act, the Morgan design, and the various minting locations each contribute to its identity and desirability among collectors. Understanding these elements is crucial for appreciating its numismatic and historical significance.
The continued interest underscores the coin’s lasting legacy. As tangible relics of a bygone era, they provide insights into American economic history and artistic expression. Further research and careful preservation will ensure that the stories embedded within these coins continue to inform and captivate future generations, safeguarding a vital aspect of the nation’s heritage.
